Levi replies to Davidovic’s greetings and informs him of the latest editorial developments regarding If Not Now, When?. He sends him an old sketch of the camp, accompanied by a list of names of the companions of Chemical Kommando 98.
September 14, 1984
Dear Mendi,
you’ll forgive me if I am writing to you in English: as you know, I never really mastered German, in fact my only school was Auschwitz. I even remember having taken lessons from Jean Samuel and from you; more precisely, on a memorable occasion you taught me that one has to say “geh hinaus” but “komm heraus”.[1] Since then, I have had little opportunity to exercize (just two or three times a year, when I ran through Europe as a businessman), and by now my German is very rusty. I suppose that, as your offspring is in Amerika, and as[2] you are notoriously a polyglot, you will have no difficulty in reading this letter; but otherwise, just tell me, next time I’ll try and relapse into German. In spite of our common experience, I contracted no “conditioned reflex” against this language, just plain gramatical difficulties.
Yes, I have been retired from chemistry for almost 8 years, without great regrets. My wife, a teacher, has[3] retired too; Lisa (36, unmarried, a biologist) is working at organizing Turin’s to be Museum of Natural History; Renzo (27, a physicist) has worked for 18 months in Atlanta, Georgia, but since July has returned home, lives next-door to us and works at the local University. We are all in good health, but our family life is not easy: my mother, who lives with us, is 89, fast unable to walk, very senile, and needs continuous assistance; my mother in law lives with a nurse, is 93 and blind. Thus, our freedom of movement has drastically reduced, especially the one of my wife, who is chronically tired and anxious.
My literary activity proceeds desultorily. I collaborate monthly, with articles drawn from my previous experiences (as a chemist, as a Lager-inmate, etc), to Turin’s daily «La Stampa».[4] As to my more bulky work as a novelist,[5] I enclose here a paper, reproducing a lecture I was supposed to give at a meeting of the Rockefeller Foundation, but which I missed for the above reasons of family restraints.[6] My last book. If not now, when?, is still enjoying a good success in Italy; the French translation is already on sale, and the English, Swedish and German editions are due for next year: the German one at Hanser Verlag, München. Sure I’ll have one (or more? tell me) copy mailed to you. Speaking of that, may I interpellate you as a “Fachmann”? The publisher is still uncertain about the title,[7] which, as you surely have guessed, is drawn fromPirké Avoth, I, 13:[8]could you write to me the standard German translation of this versicle? This could put an end to the discussions.
Do you remember Jean Kandel, our comrade at the Kommando 98? I have fleetingly mentioned him in Ist das ein Mensch?, s. 144 and 148.[9] During our last[10] very short (five days) summer vacations, as we were approaching Grasse, in Provence, I casually told to my wife that, in the chemical Laboratory of the Buna-Werke, I had had a colleague, a very skilled chemist specialized in perfumes, who had worked just in Grasse; although he could speak a flawless French, he was of Rumenian origin: in fact, Kandel, with the initial K, is not a French surname. Well: as we entered the central square of the little town, we saw a memorial stone with the names of «the French citizens fallen for Liberty», and one of them was J. Kandel.[11]I was strangely touched by this unexpected re-encounter, and I have written to the Mayor of Grasse, telling him that I was able to report something about the last days of J.K., and asking him about what he, or the local associations could tell me of him. Until to day I had no answer.
I still have some desultory connection with Jean Samuel; which news about Schmul Stern, or other comrades you are in touch with? If that can interest you, I enclose also a partial[12] sketch of Buna I had drawn at my return home, when my memory[13] was still fresh; at the verso you’ll find a list of our comrades of Kommando 98, which I had compiled at the same period.[14]
Best wishes and regards from home to home, Shanà Tovà for you all!
14 settembre 1984
Caro Mendi,
mi perdonerai se ti scrivo in inglese: come sai, non ho mai davvero padroneggiato il tedesco, di fatto la mia unica scuola è stata Auschwitz. Ricordo anche di aver preso lezioni da te e da Jean Samuel; più precisamente, in un’occasione memorabile mi avete insegnato che si dice «geh hinaus» ma «komm heraus».[1] Da allora, ho avuto poche opportunità per esercitarmi (solo due o tre volte all’anno, quando corro in giro per l’Europa da uomo d’affari), e ormai il mio tedesco è molto arrugginito. Presumo che, essendo i tuoi figli in America, ed essendo tu[2] notoriamente un poliglotta, non avrai difficoltà a leggere questa lettera; se così non fosse, dimmelo e la prossima volta cercherò tornare al tedesco. Nonostante la nostra comune esperienza, non mi è venuto nessun «riflesso condizionato» contro questa lingua, si tratta solo di difficoltà grammaticali.
Sì, come chimico sono in pensione da quasi 8 anni, senza grandi rimpianti. Anche mia moglie, insegnante, è[3] in pensione; Lisa (36 anni, non sposata, biologa) sta lavorando all’organizzazione del futuro Museo di Scienze naturali di Torino; Renzo (27 anni, fisico) ha lavorato per 18 mesi ad Atlanta, Georgia, ma da luglio è tornato a casa, abita accanto a noi e lavora all’università locale. Siamo tutti in buona salute, ma la nostra vita famigliare non è facile; mia madre, che abita con noi, ha 89 anni, ormai non cammina quasi più, soffre di demenza senile e ha bisogno di continua assistenza; mia suocera abita con un’assistente domiciliare, ha 93 anni ed è cieca. Quindi la nostra libertà di movimento si è drasticamente ridotta, specie quella di mia moglie, che è perennemente stanca e ansiosa.
La mia attività letteraria procede a singhiozzi. Collaboro mensilmente al quotidiano torinese «La Stampa» con articoli che trattano delle mie passate esperienze (di chimico, di prigioniero nel Lager, ecc.).[4] Quanto al mio più corposo lavoro di romanziere[5], allego qui la riproduzione di una conferenza che avrei dovuto tenere alla Rockefeller Foundation, ma che ho disertato per le suddette ragioni di impegni famigliari.[6] Il mio ultimo libro, Se non ora, quando?, in Italia sta ancora avendo un buon successo; la traduzione francese è già in commercio, e per il prossimo anno si attendono quella inglese, svedese e tedesca: la tedesca presso la Hanser Verlag di Monaco. Di sicuro te ne farò spedire una copia (o più d’una? dimmi tu). A questo proposito, posso interpellarti in quanto «specialista»? L’editore è ancora incerto riguardo al titolo,[7] che, come certo avrai intuito, è tratto dal Pirké Avoth I, 13:[8]potresti scrivermi la traduzione tedesca standard di questo versetto? Ciò potrebbe porre fine alle discussioni.
Ti ricordi di Jean Kandel, nostro compagno al Kommando 98? L’ho menzionato di sfuggita in Se questo è un uomo, pp. 144 e 148 dell’edizione tedesca.[9] Durante la nostra ultima[10] breve (cinque giorni) vacanza estiva, mentre arrivavamo a Grasse, in Provenza, mi è venuto da raccontare a mia moglie che nel laboratorio chimico della Buna-Werke avevo avuto un collega, un chimico molto competente specializzato in profumi, che aveva lavorato proprio a Grasse; sebbene parlasse un francese impeccabile, era di origini rumene: difatti, Kandel, con la K iniziale, non è un cognome francese. Ebbene: appena entrati nella piazza centrale della cittadina, abbiamo visto una lapide coi nomi dei «cittadini francesi caduti per la libertà», e uno di loro era J. Kandel.[11] Sono stato stranamente toccato da questo ri-incontro inatteso, e ho scritto al sindaco di Grasse, dicendogli che avrei potuto riferire qualcosa sugli ultimi giorni di J. K., e chiedendogli che cosa lui, o le associazioni locali, potessero dirmi di lui. Fino a oggi non ho avuto risposta.
Ho ancora qualche saltuario rapporto con Jean Samuel; tu che notizie hai di Schmul Stern, o di altri compagni con cui sei rimasto in contatto? Se può interessarti, allego anche un parziale schizzo[12] della Buna disegnato al mio ritorno a casa, quando i miei ricordi[13] erano ancora freschi; sul verso troverai un elenco dei nostri compagni del Kommando 98, che ho compilato in quello stesso periodo.[14]
I miei migliori auguri e saluti da casa a casa, Shanà Tovà a tutti voi!
September 14, 1984
Dear Mendi,
you’ll forgive me if I am writing to you in English: as you know, I never really mastered German, in fact my only school was Auschwitz. I even remember having taken lessons from Jean Samuel and from you; more precisely, on a memorable occasion you taught me that one has to say “geh hinaus” but “komm heraus”.[1] Since then, I have had little opportunity to exercize (just two or three times a year, when I ran through Europe as a businessman), and by now my German is very rusty. I suppose that, as your offspring is in Amerika, and as[2] you are notoriously a polyglot, you will have no difficulty in reading this letter; but otherwise, just tell me, next time I’ll try and relapse into German. In spite of our common experience, I contracted no “conditioned reflex” against this language, just plain gramatical difficulties.
Yes, I have been retired from chemistry for almost 8 years, without great regrets. My wife, a teacher, has[3] retired too; Lisa (36, unmarried, a biologist) is working at organizing Turin’s to be Museum of Natural History; Renzo (27, a physicist) has worked for 18 months in Atlanta, Georgia, but since July has returned home, lives next-door to us and works at the local University. We are all in good health, but our family life is not easy: my mother, who lives with us, is 89, fast unable to walk, very senile, and needs continuous assistance; my mother in law lives with a nurse, is 93 and blind. Thus, our freedom of movement has drastically reduced, especially the one of my wife, who is chronically tired and anxious.
My literary activity proceeds desultorily. I collaborate monthly, with articles drawn from my previous experiences (as a chemist, as a Lager-inmate, etc), to Turin’s daily «La Stampa».[4] As to my more bulky work as a novelist,[5] I enclose here a paper, reproducing a lecture I was supposed to give at a meeting of the Rockefeller Foundation, but which I missed for the above reasons of family restraints.[6] My last book. If not now, when?, is still enjoying a good success in Italy; the French translation is already on sale, and the English, Swedish and German editions are due for next year: the German one at Hanser Verlag, München. Sure I’ll have one (or more? tell me) copy mailed to you. Speaking of that, may I interpellate you as a “Fachmann”? The publisher is still uncertain about the title,[7] which, as you surely have guessed, is drawn fromPirké Avoth, I, 13:[8]could you write to me the standard German translation of this versicle? This could put an end to the discussions.
Do you remember Jean Kandel, our comrade at the Kommando 98? I have fleetingly mentioned him in Ist das ein Mensch?, s. 144 and 148.[9] During our last[10] very short (five days) summer vacations, as we were approaching Grasse, in Provence, I casually told to my wife that, in the chemical Laboratory of the Buna-Werke, I had had a colleague, a very skilled chemist specialized in perfumes, who had worked just in Grasse; although he could speak a flawless French, he was of Rumenian origin: in fact, Kandel, with the initial K, is not a French surname. Well: as we entered the central square of the little town, we saw a memorial stone with the names of «the French citizens fallen for Liberty», and one of them was J. Kandel.[11]I was strangely touched by this unexpected re-encounter, and I have written to the Mayor of Grasse, telling him that I was able to report something about the last days of J.K., and asking him about what he, or the local associations could tell me of him. Until to day I had no answer.
I still have some desultory connection with Jean Samuel; which news about Schmul Stern, or other comrades you are in touch with? If that can interest you, I enclose also a partial[12] sketch of Buna I had drawn at my return home, when my memory[13] was still fresh; at the verso you’ll find a list of our comrades of Kommando 98, which I had compiled at the same period.[14]
Best wishes and regards from home to home, Shanà Tovà for you all!
September 14, 1984
Dear Mendi,
you’ll forgive me if I am writing to you in English: as you know, I never really mastered German, in fact my only school was Auschwitz. I even remember having taken lessons from Jean Samuel and from you; more precisely, on a memorable occasion you taught me that one has to say “geh hinaus” but “komm heraus”.[1] Since then, I have had little opportunity to exercize (just two or three times a year, when I ran through Europe as a businessman), and by now my German is very rusty. I suppose that, as your offspring is in Amerika, and as[2] you are notoriously a polyglot, you will have no difficulty in reading this letter; but otherwise, just tell me, next time I’ll try and relapse into German. In spite of our common experience, I contracted no “conditioned reflex” against this language, just plain gramatical difficulties.
Yes, I have been retired from chemistry for almost 8 years, without great regrets. My wife, a teacher, has[3] retired too; Lisa (36, unmarried, a biologist) is working at organizing Turin’s to be Museum of Natural History; Renzo (27, a physicist) has worked for 18 months in Atlanta, Georgia, but since July has returned home, lives next-door to us and works at the local University. We are all in good health, but our family life is not easy: my mother, who lives with us, is 89, fast unable to walk, very senile, and needs continuous assistance; my mother in law lives with a nurse, is 93 and blind. Thus, our freedom of movement has drastically reduced, especially the one of my wife, who is chronically tired and anxious.
My literary activity proceeds desultorily. I collaborate monthly, with articles drawn from my previous experiences (as a chemist, as a Lager-inmate, etc), to Turin’s daily «La Stampa».[4] As to my more bulky work as a novelist,[5] I enclose here a paper, reproducing a lecture I was supposed to give at a meeting of the Rockefeller Foundation, but which I missed for the above reasons of family restraints.[6] My last book. If not now, when?, is still enjoying a good success in Italy; the French translation is already on sale, and the English, Swedish and German editions are due for next year: the German one at Hanser Verlag, München. Sure I’ll have one (or more? tell me) copy mailed to you. Speaking of that, may I interpellate you as a “Fachmann”? The publisher is still uncertain about the title,[7] which, as you surely have guessed, is drawn fromPirké Avoth, I, 13:[8]could you write to me the standard German translation of this versicle? This could put an end to the discussions.
Do you remember Jean Kandel, our comrade at the Kommando 98? I have fleetingly mentioned him in Ist das ein Mensch?, s. 144 and 148.[9] During our last[10] very short (five days) summer vacations, as we were approaching Grasse, in Provence, I casually told to my wife that, in the chemical Laboratory of the Buna-Werke, I had had a colleague, a very skilled chemist specialized in perfumes, who had worked just in Grasse; although he could speak a flawless French, he was of Rumenian origin: in fact, Kandel, with the initial K, is not a French surname. Well: as we entered the central square of the little town, we saw a memorial stone with the names of «the French citizens fallen for Liberty», and one of them was J. Kandel.[11]I was strangely touched by this unexpected re-encounter, and I have written to the Mayor of Grasse, telling him that I was able to report something about the last days of J.K., and asking him about what he, or the local associations could tell me of him. Until to day I had no answer.
I still have some desultory connection with Jean Samuel; which news about Schmul Stern, or other comrades you are in touch with? If that can interest you, I enclose also a partial[12] sketch of Buna I had drawn at my return home, when my memory[13] was still fresh; at the verso you’ll find a list of our comrades of Kommando 98, which I had compiled at the same period.[14]
Best wishes and regards from home to home, Shanà Tovà for you all!
14 settembre 1984
Caro Mendi,
mi perdonerai se ti scrivo in inglese: come sai, non ho mai davvero padroneggiato il tedesco, di fatto la mia unica scuola è stata Auschwitz. Ricordo anche di aver preso lezioni da te e da Jean Samuel; più precisamente, in un’occasione memorabile mi avete insegnato che si dice «geh hinaus» ma «komm heraus».[1] Da allora, ho avuto poche opportunità per esercitarmi (solo due o tre volte all’anno, quando corro in giro per l’Europa da uomo d’affari), e ormai il mio tedesco è molto arrugginito. Presumo che, essendo i tuoi figli in America, ed essendo tu[2] notoriamente un poliglotta, non avrai difficoltà a leggere questa lettera; se così non fosse, dimmelo e la prossima volta cercherò tornare al tedesco. Nonostante la nostra comune esperienza, non mi è venuto nessun «riflesso condizionato» contro questa lingua, si tratta solo di difficoltà grammaticali.
Sì, come chimico sono in pensione da quasi 8 anni, senza grandi rimpianti. Anche mia moglie, insegnante, è[3] in pensione; Lisa (36 anni, non sposata, biologa) sta lavorando all’organizzazione del futuro Museo di Scienze naturali di Torino; Renzo (27 anni, fisico) ha lavorato per 18 mesi ad Atlanta, Georgia, ma da luglio è tornato a casa, abita accanto a noi e lavora all’università locale. Siamo tutti in buona salute, ma la nostra vita famigliare non è facile; mia madre, che abita con noi, ha 89 anni, ormai non cammina quasi più, soffre di demenza senile e ha bisogno di continua assistenza; mia suocera abita con un’assistente domiciliare, ha 93 anni ed è cieca. Quindi la nostra libertà di movimento si è drasticamente ridotta, specie quella di mia moglie, che è perennemente stanca e ansiosa.
La mia attività letteraria procede a singhiozzi. Collaboro mensilmente al quotidiano torinese «La Stampa» con articoli che trattano delle mie passate esperienze (di chimico, di prigioniero nel Lager, ecc.).[4] Quanto al mio più corposo lavoro di romanziere[5], allego qui la riproduzione di una conferenza che avrei dovuto tenere alla Rockefeller Foundation, ma che ho disertato per le suddette ragioni di impegni famigliari.[6] Il mio ultimo libro, Se non ora, quando?, in Italia sta ancora avendo un buon successo; la traduzione francese è già in commercio, e per il prossimo anno si attendono quella inglese, svedese e tedesca: la tedesca presso la Hanser Verlag di Monaco. Di sicuro te ne farò spedire una copia (o più d’una? dimmi tu). A questo proposito, posso interpellarti in quanto «specialista»? L’editore è ancora incerto riguardo al titolo,[7] che, come certo avrai intuito, è tratto dal Pirké Avoth I, 13:[8]potresti scrivermi la traduzione tedesca standard di questo versetto? Ciò potrebbe porre fine alle discussioni.
Ti ricordi di Jean Kandel, nostro compagno al Kommando 98? L’ho menzionato di sfuggita in Se questo è un uomo, pp. 144 e 148 dell’edizione tedesca.[9] Durante la nostra ultima[10] breve (cinque giorni) vacanza estiva, mentre arrivavamo a Grasse, in Provenza, mi è venuto da raccontare a mia moglie che nel laboratorio chimico della Buna-Werke avevo avuto un collega, un chimico molto competente specializzato in profumi, che aveva lavorato proprio a Grasse; sebbene parlasse un francese impeccabile, era di origini rumene: difatti, Kandel, con la K iniziale, non è un cognome francese. Ebbene: appena entrati nella piazza centrale della cittadina, abbiamo visto una lapide coi nomi dei «cittadini francesi caduti per la libertà», e uno di loro era J. Kandel.[11] Sono stato stranamente toccato da questo ri-incontro inatteso, e ho scritto al sindaco di Grasse, dicendogli che avrei potuto riferire qualcosa sugli ultimi giorni di J. K., e chiedendogli che cosa lui, o le associazioni locali, potessero dirmi di lui. Fino a oggi non ho avuto risposta.
Ho ancora qualche saltuario rapporto con Jean Samuel; tu che notizie hai di Schmul Stern, o di altri compagni con cui sei rimasto in contatto? Se può interessarti, allego anche un parziale schizzo[12] della Buna disegnato al mio ritorno a casa, quando i miei ricordi[13] erano ancora freschi; sul verso troverai un elenco dei nostri compagni del Kommando 98, che ho compilato in quello stesso periodo.[14]
I miei migliori auguri e saluti da casa a casa, Shanà Tovà a tutti voi!
September 14, 1984
Dear Mendi,
you’ll forgive me if I am writing to you in English: as you know, I never really mastered German, in fact my only school was Auschwitz. I even remember having taken lessons from Jean Samuel and from you; more precisely, on a memorable occasion you taught me that one has to say “geh hinaus” but “komm heraus”.[1] Since then, I have had little opportunity to exercize (just two or three times a year, when I ran through Europe as a businessman), and by now my German is very rusty. I suppose that, as your offspring is in Amerika, and as[2] you are notoriously a polyglot, you will have no difficulty in reading this letter; but otherwise, just tell me, next time I’ll try and relapse into German. In spite of our common experience, I contracted no “conditioned reflex” against this language, just plain gramatical difficulties.
Yes, I have been retired from chemistry for almost 8 years, without great regrets. My wife, a teacher, has[3] retired too; Lisa (36, unmarried, a biologist) is working at organizing Turin’s to be Museum of Natural History; Renzo (27, a physicist) has worked for 18 months in Atlanta, Georgia, but since July has returned home, lives next-door to us and works at the local University. We are all in good health, but our family life is not easy: my mother, who lives with us, is 89, fast unable to walk, very senile, and needs continuous assistance; my mother in law lives with a nurse, is 93 and blind. Thus, our freedom of movement has drastically reduced, especially the one of my wife, who is chronically tired and anxious.
My literary activity proceeds desultorily. I collaborate monthly, with articles drawn from my previous experiences (as a chemist, as a Lager-inmate, etc), to Turin’s daily «La Stampa».[4] As to my more bulky work as a novelist,[5] I enclose here a paper, reproducing a lecture I was supposed to give at a meeting of the Rockefeller Foundation, but which I missed for the above reasons of family restraints.[6] My last book. If not now, when?, is still enjoying a good success in Italy; the French translation is already on sale, and the English, Swedish and German editions are due for next year: the German one at Hanser Verlag, München. Sure I’ll have one (or more? tell me) copy mailed to you. Speaking of that, may I interpellate you as a “Fachmann”? The publisher is still uncertain about the title,[7] which, as you surely have guessed, is drawn fromPirké Avoth, I, 13:[8]could you write to me the standard German translation of this versicle? This could put an end to the discussions.
Do you remember Jean Kandel, our comrade at the Kommando 98? I have fleetingly mentioned him in Ist das ein Mensch?, s. 144 and 148.[9] During our last[10] very short (five days) summer vacations, as we were approaching Grasse, in Provence, I casually told to my wife that, in the chemical Laboratory of the Buna-Werke, I had had a colleague, a very skilled chemist specialized in perfumes, who had worked just in Grasse; although he could speak a flawless French, he was of Rumenian origin: in fact, Kandel, with the initial K, is not a French surname. Well: as we entered the central square of the little town, we saw a memorial stone with the names of «the French citizens fallen for Liberty», and one of them was J. Kandel.[11]I was strangely touched by this unexpected re-encounter, and I have written to the Mayor of Grasse, telling him that I was able to report something about the last days of J.K., and asking him about what he, or the local associations could tell me of him. Until to day I had no answer.
I still have some desultory connection with Jean Samuel; which news about Schmul Stern, or other comrades you are in touch with? If that can interest you, I enclose also a partial[12] sketch of Buna I had drawn at my return home, when my memory[13] was still fresh; at the verso you’ll find a list of our comrades of Kommando 98, which I had compiled at the same period.[14]
Best wishes and regards from home to home, Shanà Tovà for you all!
Info
Notes
Tag
Sender: Primo Levi
Addressee: Emil Davidovič
Date of Drafting: 1984-09-14
Place of Writing: Turin
Description:carbon copy on onionskin paper of a typewritten letter with handwritten insertions in blue ballpoint pen and pencil.
1
Until now, this information was unknown. Levi had attributed, on two occasions, the teaching of German in the Lager only to Jean Samuel. The first occurs in a 1981 conversation with Paola Valabrega: «I studied German in the Lager to survive: I paid for lessons with bread, from that same Pikolo of the “Canto of Ulysses” chapter» (P. Levi, The Voice of Memory. Interviews 1961-1987, ed. By M. Belpoliti and R. Gordon, The New Press, New York 2001 p. 143). The second can be found in the chapter “Communication” of The Drowned and the Saved: «I implored […] an Alsatian, to give me a private, accelerated course, subdivided into short lessons administered in whispers between curfew and our succumbing to sleep, lessons bartered for bread, there being no other currency. He accepted, and I think bread was never better spent» (CW III, pp. 2478-79). Cfr. D. Scarpa, Cose di scuola. Primo Levi e Dante, in Per intelletto umano/e per autoritadi" : il contesto di formazione e diffusione culturale del poema dantesco : atti del I Convegno Hypermedia Dante Network : (Pisa-Firenze, 29-31 ottobre 2020), ed. by A cura di L. M. G. Livraghi e G. Tomazzoli, Cesati editore, Firenze 2022, pp. 175-76.
2“as” is typed in above the line.
3In “has retired,” Levi adds the letter “h” by hand in pencil.
4True to his idea of updating Davidovic on his own literary activities, Levi notes in blue ballpoint pen, on the lower margin of sheet 16, that he has written to Aufbau to have them send Davidovic the German version of The Periodic Table: “(scritto a Aufbau di → ISP ted.).”
5Levi intensified his collaboration with Turin’s daily newspaper La Stampa in the late 1970s. Many of his articles had already been published in the book Lilith in 1981. On May 31, 1984, he received a silver plaque from the Circolo della Stampa. Cf. R. Rizzo, “Premiati per aver testimoniato talento e civiltà del Piemonte,” in La Stampa, June 1, 1984, p. 23.
6The reference is to Itinerario di uno scrittore ebreo [“The Path of a Jewish author”], an essay in which Levi retraced his literary career in light of his Jewish identity; he prepared the essay for the international conference Continuity and Transformation. Jewish Writing Since World War II, which took place from November 29 to December 3, 1982 in Bellagio, organized by the Rockefeller Institute. Levi was unable to participate but he nonetheless sent them the essay, which was included in the official record and published in January 1984 by the Jewish literary journal Prooftexts with the title “Beyond Survival.” That same year, the essay was published in the May-August issue of the journal La Rassegna Mensile di Israel (now in CW III, pp. 2639-55; cf. A. Baldini, “Il primo romanzo di Primo Levi e l’invasione israeliana del Libano (1982),” in Allegoria, n. 87, 2023, pp. 76-77).
7In a letter dated September 10, 1984, the translator Barbara Kleiner had called Levi’s attention to the problem of translating the title of If Not Now, When? into German: “Spontaneously, I would say: ‘Wenn nicht jetzt, wann dann?’ but a review in the Züricher Zeitung has translated it as ‘Wann, wenn nicht jetzt?,’ indicating it as a quote from the Talmud. By chance, do you know the canonical version of the German translation?” Alongside the paragraph, on the left-hand margin, Levi notes by hand in pencil “v. Mendi” [“see Mendi”]. The typescript of the letter is conserved in the Private Archive of Primo Levi.
8Pirkei Avot (“Ethics of the Fathers”) is a collection of moral maxims that is part of the Talmud. In the note that concludes If Not Now, When?, Levi quotes the following translation of the entire passage: “‘If I am not for myself, who will be for me? and when I think of myself, what am I? and if not now, when?’ Naturally, the interpretation that I attribute to my characters is not the orthodox one.” (CW II, p. 1858). In an interview in 1982 with Dina Luce, he explained this interpretation in detail: “at the dawn of Zionism, back in the last century, after the Dreyfus affair, Zionist propaganda took possession of this saying: ‘If not now, when?’ It was interpreted in a simplifying manner, that is, if we do not obtain our independence now, when will we obtain it? and it was inserted in a few Zionist songs. It seemed an apt title for this book, which talks about a particular aspect of Zionism in Eastern Europe, in the sense of national redemption and the reclamation of an identity” (OC III, p. 311).
11Levi is referring to the Monument aux Morts de la Résistance et de la Déportation (“Monument to the Martyrs of the Resistance and Deportation”). The commemorative plaque reads: “Au Patriotes de la Resistance morts pour la France” (“To the patriots of the Resistance who died for France”). An image in which the name “Kandel J.” is visible is available at Wikimedia Commons. Jean Kandel, born on July 1, 1906, died on March 12, 1945 at Ellrich-Juliushütte, a subcamp of Mittelbau-Dora (cf. the relative file in the digital Arolsen Archives).
12“partial” is typed in above the line.
13Typewritten “meory” is emended with an “m” typed in above the line.
14The enclosure has not been found. Judging from Levi’s description, it may be a photocopy of a drawing (now published in Album Primo Levi, edited by R. Mori and D. Scarpa, Turin: Einaudi, 2017, p. 71) that dates back to 1946 and is a detailed reconstruction of the various sections that formed the camp, including the gate with the sign “Arbeit macht frei,” the roll call ground, and the Ka-Be. Levi had sent a copy to Jean Samuel already in 1946, and in 1961 he sent his French former companion a list of names of the members of Kommando 98 (cf. Mi chiamava Pikolo, cit., pp. 152-54). As to this enclosure, since Levi describes one single sheet written on the front and back, it is possible that he sent either a photocopy of the front and back of the two originals, or another document of which we are to date unaware, an original that contained a sketch of Auschwitz and, on the opposite side, the list of names.