Tasked by the Aufbau publishing house with preparing a readerâs report on Ist das ein Mensch? and Die Atempause, Fred Wander contacts the author. After highly praising the two books and presenting himself to Levi as a Jew and former deportee, he points out a few problematic passages of Ist das ein Mensch? which the publishing house would like to modify in order to facilitate approval from the DDRâs Ministry of Culture.
Sie haben gewiĂ sehr viele Verehrer unter Ihren Lesern, in vielen LĂ€ndern, und Sie wissen, daĂ die besten Verehrer meist diejenigen sind, die nichts sagen, nichts schreiben und wenn Sie Ihnen persönlich begegnen, sich schweigend im Hintergrund halten. Wenn ich nun aus der Reihe der schweigenden Verehrer Ihrer BĂŒcher in die Reihe der anderen trete, die ihrer GefĂŒhle und Gedanken durch Worte Ausdruck geben wollen, dann nur, weil der Aufbauverlag Berlin, mich gebeten hat, ein Gutachten[1] ĂŒber Ihre beiden BĂŒcher Ist das ein Mensch und Atempause anzufertigen.[2] Das erste soll nun hier in der DDR veröffentlicht werden, worĂŒber ich mich sehr freue, und zwar fĂŒr die Menschen in der DDR! Ich möchte jetzt nicht viel dazu sagen, nur das:
Vorallem die ersten Seiten Ihres Buches Atempause sind fĂŒr mich das Bedeutendste und Schönste, was zu diesem Thema jemals gesagt und geschrieben wurde! Ihre BĂŒcher sind nicht nur Zeugnisse und Dokumente voll Wahrheit und MenschenwĂŒrde, sondern sie sind voll Anmut des Geistes, Witz, Poesie, und WĂ€rme, wie ich sie selten erlebt habe. Sie sind gewiĂ ein sehr liebenswerter Mensch und das Denken an Sie macht froh. Das ist die Vorrede, verzeihen Sie meinen jugendlichen Ăberschwang, ich bin 64 Jahre alt, ein Leidensgenosse, Jude,[3] KZ-HĂ€ftling von September 1942 bis zum Ende (vorher in französischen Lagern) und ein BĂŒcherschreiber.[4]
Und nun zu dem Anliegen:[5] Ich erlaube mir, Sie zu fragen, ob Sie einverstanden wĂ€ren, an zwei oder drei Stellen kleine Ănderungen oder Streichungen vorzunehmen. Ich habe vor mir die Taschenbuchausgabe (Fischer-BĂŒcherei) von Ist das ein Mensch?, Seite 124, oben: âIn Buna reagieren die deutschen ZivilistenâŠâ usw. Hier geht es uns nur um den Satz âAuch die Reichsdeutschen im Lager, die Politischen inbegriffen, spĂŒren in der Stunde der GefahrâŠâ[6] Wenn Sie mir erlauben, meine Meinung zu sagen, dann finde ich das eine Spur zu pauschal gesagt, die âPolitischen inbegriffenâ. Vielleicht liegt es auch ein wenig an der Ăbersetzung oder Sie haben es garnicht in dieser SchĂ€rfe gemeint.[7] Sie sind kein Kommunist, ich werfe das niemandem vor, ich spĂŒre auch nirgends sonst in Ihren Zeilen pauschale Urteile ĂŒber Kommunisten, Politische usw., es wĂŒrde auch nicht zu Ihrem Stil passen. Ich nehme wirklich an, daĂ es sich und eine winzige Ungenauigkeit handelt, von der niemand frei ist. Kann man sie beheben?[8]
Ich selbst, um Ihnen meinen Standpunkt zu erklĂ€ren, bin durch das Beispiel von âPolitischenâ HĂ€ftlingen, die ich im KZ kannte zur kommunistischen Partei gekommen. (Ich bin Mitglied der KPĂ, ich bin Ăsterreicher und lebe seit 25 Jahren in der DDR) SelbstverstĂ€ndlich werde ich mich hĂŒten, auch in dieser Richtung zu verallgemeinern. Auch ich habe âPolitischeâ gekannt, die das Gegenteil hĂ€tten bewirken können, nĂ€mlich fortzutreiben. Aber das Beispiel sehr vieler namenloser Genossen in der IllegalitĂ€t, im Widerstandskampf und im KZ war schon sehr groĂ und hat viel bewirkt! Ich glaube, es gibt noch eine Stelle von geringer Relevanz, wo man durch einen kleinen Strich die Druckgenehmigung erleichtern könnte, das ist es, was ich Sie fragen wollte.
Ich hoffe Sie sind gesund und bei der Arbeit und haben SpaĂ am Leben und Arbeiten, ich grĂŒĂe Sie sehr herzlich und brĂŒderlich
Le prime pagine della Tregua, in particolare, sono per me quanto di piĂč importante e piĂč bello sia mai stato detto o scritto su questo tema! I Suoi libri sono testimonianze e documenti non soltanto colmi di veritĂ e dignitĂ umana, ma anche ricchi di grazia, umorismo, poesia e calore, come raramente mi Ăš accaduto di incontrare. Lei devâessere certamente una persona molto amabile, e pensarLa allarga il cuore. Questa era la premessa; mi perdoni lo slancio giovanile: ho sessantaquattro anni, sono un Suo compagno di sofferenza, ebreo,[3] internato in campo di concentramento dal settembre 1942 fino alla fine (prima ancora ero stato nei campi francesi) e scrivo libri.[4]
E ora vengo alla questione che mi preme:[5] mi permetto di chiederLe se sarebbe disposto ad apportare, in due o tre punti, piccole modifiche o tagli. Ho davanti a me lâedizione tascabile (Fischer-BĂŒcherei) di Se questo Ăš un uomo, pagina 124, in alto: «Nella Buna imperversavano i civili tedeschiâŠÂ» ecc. Qui ci interessa unicamente la frase: «Anche i Reichsdeutsche del Lager, politici compresi, nellâora del pericolo risentironoâŠÂ».[6] Se posso permettermi, trovo che «politici compresi» sia una formulazione un poâ troppo sommaria. Forse dipende in parte anche dalla traduzione, oppure Lei non intendeva esprimersi in termini cosĂŹ categorici.[7] Lei non Ăš comunista, cosa che non rimprovererei a nessuno; e in nessunâaltra delle Sue pagine noto giudizi sommari sui comunisti, sui politici e via dicendo, cosa che non sarebbe nemmeno nel Suo stile. Presumo davvero che si tratti di una piccolissima imprecisione, da cui nessuno Ăš esente. Sarebbe possibile correggerla?[8]
Quanto a me, per spiegarLe il mio punto di vista, sono entrato nel partito comunista proprio grazie allâesempio di alcuni prigionieri «politici» che avevo conosciuto nel Lager. (Sono iscritto al KPĂ, sono austriaco e vivo da venticinque anni nella DDR). Naturalmente mi guarderĂČ bene dal generalizzare anche in questa direzione. Anchâio ho conosciuto dei «politici» che avrebbero potuto fare su di me lâeffetto contrario, e cioĂš allontanarmi. Ma lâesempio di moltissimi compagni senza nome nella clandestinitĂ , nella lotta di resistenza e nel Lager Ăš stato davvero grande e ha dato non pochi frutti! Credo che ci sia ancora un altro punto, di scarsa rilevanza, dove un piccolo taglio potrebbe agevolare lâautorizzazione alla stampa: ecco ciĂČ che volevo chiederLe.
Spero che sia in buona salute e allâopera, e che trovi gioia nella vita e nel lavoro. La saluto con grande cordialitĂ e
fraternamente
Fred Wander[9]
Fred Wander 2601 Koppelow / DDR
February 4, 1981
Dear Primo Levi,
You surely must have a great deal of admirers among your readers, in many countries, and you know that the best admirers are usually those who say nothing, write nothing, and, when they meet you in person, silently stay in the background. If I have now chosen to step forward from the ranks of your booksâ silent admirers to join the ranks of those who express their feelings and thoughts through words, it is only because the Berlin-based publisher Aufbauverlag has asked me to evaluate[1] your two books, If This is a Man and The Truce.[2] The former shall now be published here in the DDR, which makes me very happyâespecially for the people of the DDR! I do not wish to say much more about it now, except this:
First and foremost, the opening pages of your book The Truce are, for me, the most significant and beautiful thing ever said or written on this subject! Not only do your books bear witness as documents full of truth and human dignity, they are also full of spiritual grace, wit, poetry, and warmth the likes of which I have rarely experienced. You are certainly a very endearing person, and thinking of you brings me joy. This is merely an introduction; please forgive my youthful exuberanceâI am 64 years old, a fellow survivor, Jewish,[3] I was a concentration camp prisoner from September 1942 to the end (and had been in French camps before then), and a writer.[4]
And now to the matter at hand:[5] I should like to ask if you might agree to make a few minor changes or deletions in two or three places. I have the paperback edition (Fischer-BĂŒcherei) of If This is a Man, which at the top of page 124 reads: âIn Buna, the German civilians reactâŠâ etc. We are solely concerned with the sentence âEven the citizens of the German Reich in the camp, including the political prisoners, feel the hour of dangerâŠâ[6] If youâll allow me to express my opinion, I find this phrasingââincluding the political prisonersââa touch too sweeping. Perhaps it is in part due to the translation, or perhaps you did not mean it quite so strongly.[7] You are not a communist; I do not accuse anyone of that, nor do I sense any sweeping judgments about communists, political prisoners, etc., anywhere else in your writingâit would not fit your style anyway. I truly assume that this is simply a minor inaccuracy, from which no one is immune. Can it be corrected?[8]
To explain my own position, I myself joined the Communist Party through the example of âpoliticalâ prisoners I knew in the concentration camp. (I am a member of the KPĂ; I am Austrian and have been living in the DDR for 25 years.) Of course, I will be careful not to generalize in this direction either. I, too, have known âpoliticalâ prisoners who could have had the opposite effectânamely, that of driving people away. But the example set by so many nameless comrades operating underground, in the resistance struggle, and in concentration camps, was truly immense and had a profound impact! I believe there is one more passage of minor relevance where a small change could facilitate this work being approved for printing; that is what I wanted to ask you about.
I hope you are in good health, back at work, and enjoying your life and work. I send you my warmest and most
brotherly regards
Fred Wander[9]
Fred Wander 2601 Koppelow / DDR
4. Februar 1981
Lieber Primo Levi,
Sie haben gewiĂ sehr viele Verehrer unter Ihren Lesern, in vielen LĂ€ndern, und Sie wissen, daĂ die besten Verehrer meist diejenigen sind, die nichts sagen, nichts schreiben und wenn Sie Ihnen persönlich begegnen, sich schweigend im Hintergrund halten. Wenn ich nun aus der Reihe der schweigenden Verehrer Ihrer BĂŒcher in die Reihe der anderen trete, die ihrer GefĂŒhle und Gedanken durch Worte Ausdruck geben wollen, dann nur, weil der Aufbauverlag Berlin, mich gebeten hat, ein Gutachten[1] ĂŒber Ihre beiden BĂŒcher Ist das ein Mensch und Atempause anzufertigen.[2] Das erste soll nun hier in der DDR veröffentlicht werden, worĂŒber ich mich sehr freue, und zwar fĂŒr die Menschen in der DDR! Ich möchte jetzt nicht viel dazu sagen, nur das:
Vorallem die ersten Seiten Ihres Buches Atempause sind fĂŒr mich das Bedeutendste und Schönste, was zu diesem Thema jemals gesagt und geschrieben wurde! Ihre BĂŒcher sind nicht nur Zeugnisse und Dokumente voll Wahrheit und MenschenwĂŒrde, sondern sie sind voll Anmut des Geistes, Witz, Poesie, und WĂ€rme, wie ich sie selten erlebt habe. Sie sind gewiĂ ein sehr liebenswerter Mensch und das Denken an Sie macht froh. Das ist die Vorrede, verzeihen Sie meinen jugendlichen Ăberschwang, ich bin 64 Jahre alt, ein Leidensgenosse, Jude,[3] KZ-HĂ€ftling von September 1942 bis zum Ende (vorher in französischen Lagern) und ein BĂŒcherschreiber.[4]
Und nun zu dem Anliegen:[5] Ich erlaube mir, Sie zu fragen, ob Sie einverstanden wĂ€ren, an zwei oder drei Stellen kleine Ănderungen oder Streichungen vorzunehmen. Ich habe vor mir die Taschenbuchausgabe (Fischer-BĂŒcherei) von Ist das ein Mensch?, Seite 124, oben: âIn Buna reagieren die deutschen ZivilistenâŠâ usw. Hier geht es uns nur um den Satz âAuch die Reichsdeutschen im Lager, die Politischen inbegriffen, spĂŒren in der Stunde der GefahrâŠâ[6] Wenn Sie mir erlauben, meine Meinung zu sagen, dann finde ich das eine Spur zu pauschal gesagt, die âPolitischen inbegriffenâ. Vielleicht liegt es auch ein wenig an der Ăbersetzung oder Sie haben es garnicht in dieser SchĂ€rfe gemeint.[7] Sie sind kein Kommunist, ich werfe das niemandem vor, ich spĂŒre auch nirgends sonst in Ihren Zeilen pauschale Urteile ĂŒber Kommunisten, Politische usw., es wĂŒrde auch nicht zu Ihrem Stil passen. Ich nehme wirklich an, daĂ es sich und eine winzige Ungenauigkeit handelt, von der niemand frei ist. Kann man sie beheben?[8]
Ich selbst, um Ihnen meinen Standpunkt zu erklĂ€ren, bin durch das Beispiel von âPolitischenâ HĂ€ftlingen, die ich im KZ kannte zur kommunistischen Partei gekommen. (Ich bin Mitglied der KPĂ, ich bin Ăsterreicher und lebe seit 25 Jahren in der DDR) SelbstverstĂ€ndlich werde ich mich hĂŒten, auch in dieser Richtung zu verallgemeinern. Auch ich habe âPolitischeâ gekannt, die das Gegenteil hĂ€tten bewirken können, nĂ€mlich fortzutreiben. Aber das Beispiel sehr vieler namenloser Genossen in der IllegalitĂ€t, im Widerstandskampf und im KZ war schon sehr groĂ und hat viel bewirkt! Ich glaube, es gibt noch eine Stelle von geringer Relevanz, wo man durch einen kleinen Strich die Druckgenehmigung erleichtern könnte, das ist es, was ich Sie fragen wollte.
Ich hoffe Sie sind gesund und bei der Arbeit und haben SpaĂ am Leben und Arbeiten, ich grĂŒĂe Sie sehr herzlich und brĂŒderlich
Le prime pagine della Tregua, in particolare, sono per me quanto di piĂč importante e piĂč bello sia mai stato detto o scritto su questo tema! I Suoi libri sono testimonianze e documenti non soltanto colmi di veritĂ e dignitĂ umana, ma anche ricchi di grazia, umorismo, poesia e calore, come raramente mi Ăš accaduto di incontrare. Lei devâessere certamente una persona molto amabile, e pensarLa allarga il cuore. Questa era la premessa; mi perdoni lo slancio giovanile: ho sessantaquattro anni, sono un Suo compagno di sofferenza, ebreo,[3] internato in campo di concentramento dal settembre 1942 fino alla fine (prima ancora ero stato nei campi francesi) e scrivo libri.[4]
E ora vengo alla questione che mi preme:[5] mi permetto di chiederLe se sarebbe disposto ad apportare, in due o tre punti, piccole modifiche o tagli. Ho davanti a me lâedizione tascabile (Fischer-BĂŒcherei) di Se questo Ăš un uomo, pagina 124, in alto: «Nella Buna imperversavano i civili tedeschiâŠÂ» ecc. Qui ci interessa unicamente la frase: «Anche i Reichsdeutsche del Lager, politici compresi, nellâora del pericolo risentironoâŠÂ».[6] Se posso permettermi, trovo che «politici compresi» sia una formulazione un poâ troppo sommaria. Forse dipende in parte anche dalla traduzione, oppure Lei non intendeva esprimersi in termini cosĂŹ categorici.[7] Lei non Ăš comunista, cosa che non rimprovererei a nessuno; e in nessunâaltra delle Sue pagine noto giudizi sommari sui comunisti, sui politici e via dicendo, cosa che non sarebbe nemmeno nel Suo stile. Presumo davvero che si tratti di una piccolissima imprecisione, da cui nessuno Ăš esente. Sarebbe possibile correggerla?[8]
Quanto a me, per spiegarLe il mio punto di vista, sono entrato nel partito comunista proprio grazie allâesempio di alcuni prigionieri «politici» che avevo conosciuto nel Lager. (Sono iscritto al KPĂ, sono austriaco e vivo da venticinque anni nella DDR). Naturalmente mi guarderĂČ bene dal generalizzare anche in questa direzione. Anchâio ho conosciuto dei «politici» che avrebbero potuto fare su di me lâeffetto contrario, e cioĂš allontanarmi. Ma lâesempio di moltissimi compagni senza nome nella clandestinitĂ , nella lotta di resistenza e nel Lager Ăš stato davvero grande e ha dato non pochi frutti! Credo che ci sia ancora un altro punto, di scarsa rilevanza, dove un piccolo taglio potrebbe agevolare lâautorizzazione alla stampa: ecco ciĂČ che volevo chiederLe.
Spero che sia in buona salute e allâopera, e che trovi gioia nella vita e nel lavoro. La saluto con grande cordialitĂ e
fraternamente
Fred Wander[9]
Fred Wander 2601 Koppelow / DDR
February 4, 1981
Dear Primo Levi,
You surely must have a great deal of admirers among your readers, in many countries, and you know that the best admirers are usually those who say nothing, write nothing, and, when they meet you in person, silently stay in the background. If I have now chosen to step forward from the ranks of your booksâ silent admirers to join the ranks of those who express their feelings and thoughts through words, it is only because the Berlin-based publisher Aufbauverlag has asked me to evaluate[1] your two books, If This is a Man and The Truce.[2] The former shall now be published here in the DDR, which makes me very happyâespecially for the people of the DDR! I do not wish to say much more about it now, except this:
First and foremost, the opening pages of your book The Truce are, for me, the most significant and beautiful thing ever said or written on this subject! Not only do your books bear witness as documents full of truth and human dignity, they are also full of spiritual grace, wit, poetry, and warmth the likes of which I have rarely experienced. You are certainly a very endearing person, and thinking of you brings me joy. This is merely an introduction; please forgive my youthful exuberanceâI am 64 years old, a fellow survivor, Jewish,[3] I was a concentration camp prisoner from September 1942 to the end (and had been in French camps before then), and a writer.[4]
And now to the matter at hand:[5] I should like to ask if you might agree to make a few minor changes or deletions in two or three places. I have the paperback edition (Fischer-BĂŒcherei) of If This is a Man, which at the top of page 124 reads: âIn Buna, the German civilians reactâŠâ etc. We are solely concerned with the sentence âEven the citizens of the German Reich in the camp, including the political prisoners, feel the hour of dangerâŠâ[6] If youâll allow me to express my opinion, I find this phrasingââincluding the political prisonersââa touch too sweeping. Perhaps it is in part due to the translation, or perhaps you did not mean it quite so strongly.[7] You are not a communist; I do not accuse anyone of that, nor do I sense any sweeping judgments about communists, political prisoners, etc., anywhere else in your writingâit would not fit your style anyway. I truly assume that this is simply a minor inaccuracy, from which no one is immune. Can it be corrected?[8]
To explain my own position, I myself joined the Communist Party through the example of âpoliticalâ prisoners I knew in the concentration camp. (I am a member of the KPĂ; I am Austrian and have been living in the DDR for 25 years.) Of course, I will be careful not to generalize in this direction either. I, too, have known âpoliticalâ prisoners who could have had the opposite effectânamely, that of driving people away. But the example set by so many nameless comrades operating underground, in the resistance struggle, and in concentration camps, was truly immense and had a profound impact! I believe there is one more passage of minor relevance where a small change could facilitate this work being approved for printing; that is what I wanted to ask you about.
I hope you are in good health, back at work, and enjoying your life and work. I send you my warmest and most
brotherly regards
Fred Wander[9]
Info
Notes
Tag
Sender: Fred Wander
Addressee: Primo Levi
Date of Drafting: 1981-02-04
Place of Writing: East Berlin
Description: typewritten letter with handwritten signature and insertions in blue ballpoint pen, pencil, and blue fountain pen. On the lower margin of sheet 464v, Levi notes the address in red ballpoint pen: âF.W. 2601 Koppelow DDR.â
Archive: Archivio privato di Primo Levi, Turin
Series: Corrispondenza, Corrispondenza generale, fascicolo 12, sottofascicolo 21, f. 464r/v.
Folio: 1, front and back
DOI:
1
âGutachtenâ is underlined by hand in pencil. On the inner margin of the sheet, alongside the word, Levi notes by hand in pencil âBenestare, | Parereâ (âApproval, | Opinionâ).
2
After Das periodische System was published by Aufbau in 1979, Joachim Meinert, the editor of the publishing company, proposed republishing under license first Ist das ein Mensch? and afterward Atempause, which had been published in West Germany in 1961 and 1964, respectively. Fred Wander was commissioned to prepare an external readerâs report, which was required in order to request authorization to publish from the Hauptverwaltung Verlage und Buchhandel (the official censorship board of the Ministry of Culture) and, later, an afterword for the two books. Meinert reconstructs the events in âGeschichte eines Verbots,â Sinn und Form, 2: 2000, pp. 149-99; various documents regarding the episode are published as an appendix to the article, including Wanderâs readerâs report and his afterword. For more information, see the insight âIf This Is a Manâ and âThe Truceâ in the DDR: An Attempt at Reconstruction.
3
âJudeâ (âJewâ) is underlined by hand with a double line in blue fountain pen.
5
âAnliegenâ is underlined by hand in pencil. On the inner margin of the sheet, alongside the word, Levi notes by hand in pencil âDomandaâ (âMatter at handâ).
6
The original passage: âAt Buna the German civilians raged with the fury of the secure man who wakes from a long dream of domination, and sees his ruin and is unable to understand it. The Reichsdeutsche of the Lager as well, including the political prisoners, felt in the hour of danger the ties of blood and soilâ (CW I, p. 112).
7
The German translation is a faithful rendition of the original and, in fact, Riedt himself had asked Levi to confirm his intention to use the Nazi slogan âof blood and soil.â In November 1959, Levi replied: âAs to this matter, the discussion would be very lengthy; nobody has ever been able to explain to me why, in Auschwitz, a great majority of the âred trianglesâ had behaved rather poorly, as opposed to what occurred, for example, in Buchenwald. But it might also be that this judgment of mine is wrong, and is based on the few cases of which I had firsthand knowledge. At the time, I was not a very objective judge,â Il carteggio con Heinz Riedt, edited by M. Mengoni, Turin: Einaudi, 2024, p. 22.
8
âKann man sie beheben?â (âCan it be corrected?â) is underlined by hand in pencil.
9
To the left of his signature, Wander adds by hand in blue ballpoint pen: âP.S. Koppelow liegt | in Mecklenburg (GĂŒstrow) | aber ich habe auch eine Wohnung in Berlinâ (âP.S. Koppelow is in Mecklenburg (GĂŒstrow) but I also have an apartment in Berlinâ).